Present Perfect

Dialogues

Read these dialogues and practise them

adverbials

Watch this video about 3 D printing and answer the questions?

ROBOTS

We think of robots as modern inventions, but people have imagined and created versions of these machines for centuries. There were clocks with moving figures in Ancient Greece. In the late 1400s, Leonardo da Vinci drew plans for a mechanical humanoid robot, but we don’t know if he ever built one. Complicated mechanical figures were built in the 1700s, and in 1818 a humanoid robotic figure appeared in the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley.

The word “robot” comes from the Czech word for “hard work”. But it wouldn’t have become popular if Czech writer Karel Capek hadn’t written a play called Rossum’s Universal Robots. First produced in the 1920s, the play was about artificial people, or robots, that rebel against humans. It was so successful that the word “robot” has been used everywhere since then.

The invention of the microchip in the 1950s helped the robotics industry continue to develop. By the early 1960s, there were special robots for factory work, space exploration and medical interventions. These were not humanoid robots – they were mechanical arms controlled by a computer.

Later, scientists created Shakey, a very special robot. Shakey was the first moving robot that could interpret and store information from its environment. That was the beginning of artificial intelligence, or making a computer “think” like a person.

Since Shakey’s creation over 40 years ago, robots have become much more advanced. There are now robotic arms that are precise enough to be used for delicate medical operations. There are robots that explore volcanoes and oceans, and robotic vacuum cleaners and pets. And in Japan, humanoid robots are being used in classrooms and offices. As soon as an invention succeeds, it usually becomes popular around the world.

If the Japanese experience continues to be positive, robots will probably soon become more common in other countries as well. If Leonardo da Vinci were here, he would be amazed by our progress! He would also be thrilled if he knew that someone finally built the robot that he had designed. In 2002, Mark Rosheim, a NASA engineer, built a robot based on Leonardo’s drawings – and it worked perfectly.

      

       1.    HOW DID THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ROBOT?(4x1=5 points)

       1.  The people of Ancient Greece .......................................................................................  .

       2.  Leonardo da Vinci ..........................................................................................................  .

       3.  Mary Shelley ..................................................................................................................  .

       4.  Karel Capek ....................................................................................................................  .

       5.  Mark Rosheim ..................................................................................................................

         2.  ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.  (3 x 3 = 9 points)

       1.  What does the word “robot” mean? 

                                                                                                                                                      

       2.  What happened in the 1950s that helped the robotics industry develop? 

                                                                                                                                                        

       3.  In what two ways did Shakey “think” like a person? 

                                                                                                                                                      

         3.  FIND ANTONYMS IN THE TEXT FOR THE WORDS BELOW.  (4 x 1.5  = 6 points)

       1.  destroyed (paragraph 1) ...........................

       2.  natural (paragraph 2)     ...........................

       3.  fails (paragraph 5)          ...........................

       4.  rare ((paragraph 6)         ...........................

English in the classroom

GREETINGS

CONDITIONALS RAP

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

DESCRIBING PEOPLE

READ THE TEXT ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

Tom and Greg are twins. They look the same. They are both tall and thin and they have both got dark eyes and Tom and Greg are twins. They look the same. They are both tall and thin and they have both got dark eyes and black hair. Sometimes their friends don’t know who is Greg and who is Tom. They are both good students – clever and hard-working. They have got the same personality, too. They are quiet, shy and serious. And they often think the same. Tom sometimes starts a sentence and Greg finishes it.
Jessie and John are twins too, but they look different. They have both got fair hair but Jessie’s hair is long and straight and John’s hair is short and curly. Jessie is clever and she is hard-working. John is clever too, but he is sometimes lazy about schoolwork. John and Jessie are often good friends, but sometimes they aren’t – just like many other brothers and sisters.

(TWINS = gemelos  /  BOTH = ambos  /  SAME = mismo-a)

1.  COMPLETE THE SENTENCES                                                                                          

1.            Greg and Tom´s friends ____________________________________

2.            Greg is clever and hard-working and Tom ______________________

3.            Greg finishes the sentences that Tom _________________________

4.            Jessie has got _____________________ and John has got _______

2. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS                                                                                     

1.            What do Tom and Greg look like?

________________________________________________________________

2.            What are Tom and Greg like?

________________________________________________________________

3.            Is John hard-working?

________________________________________________________________

4.            Are John and Jessie always good friends?

________________________________________________________________

3.  FIND  OPPOSITES OF THESE ADJECTIVES                                                             

DARK                    _________   

TALL                     _________   

FUNNY                  _________   

FRIENDLY             _________

ENGLISH IN THE CLASS

WHAT´S THE MEANING OF …… (waiter)? ¿Qué significa …….. (waiter)?

HOW DO YOU SAY…. (camarero) IN ENGLISH? WHAT’S …. (camarero) IN ENGLISH? ¿Cómo se dice ….. (camarero) en inglés?

HOW DO YOU SPELL…  (swimming)?       ¿Cómo se deletrea (escribe)…  (swimming)?

CAN YOU EXPLAIN THIS, PLEASE?       ¿Puedes explicar esto, por favor?

CAN YOU REPEAT, PLEASE?       ¿Puedes repetir, por favor?

WHAT PAGE IS IT ON?       ¿En qué página está?

I DON’T KNOW                    -      No lo sé

I DON’T UNDERSTAND          -      No entiendo

I DON’T REMEMBER          -    No me acuerdo

FOOD

THERE IS / THERE ARE          (FOOD)

APPLE	Manzana	BREAD	Pan
ORANGE	Naranja	SUGAR	Azúcar
BANANA	Plátano	EGG	Huevo
STRAWBERRY	Fresa	FISH	Pescado
BEANS	Judías	MEAT	Carne
ONION	Cebolla	MEATBALLS	Albóndigas
TOMATO	Tomate	CHICKEN	Pollo
TOMATO SAUCE	Salsa de tomate	STEAK	Filete
CORN	Maíz	SAUSAGE	Salchicha
CHIPS	Patatas fritas	HAMBURGER	Hamburguesa
EGG	Huevo	RICE	Arroz
MILK	Leche	SPAGHETTI	Espagueti
WATER	Agua	ICE CREAM	Helado
COFFEE	Café	CAKE	Tarta, pastel
BUTTER	Mantequilla	PANCAKE	Tortita
CEREALS	Cereals	SALAD	Ensalada

(COUNTABLE  nouns) NOMBRES CONTABLES	NOMBRES QUE PODEMOS CONTAR EN TÉRMINOS NUMÉRICOS (1, 2, 3 .....) Pueden ser:                 SINGULAR        an apple          /  a sausage                                         PLURAL        two apples  /   two sausages
UNCOUNTABLE  nouns NOMBRES INCONTABLES	NOMBRES QUE NO SE PUEDEN CONTAR EN TÉRMINOS DE NÚMEROS. Suelen ser líquidos o comidas.   Sólo se usan en  SINGULAR:                       bread   -   coffee    -    sugar   -   rice

There is             -    Hay There isn’t        -    No hay Is there?            -    ¿Hay?	Contables en singular o incontables   There is an apple in the fridge   Hay una manzana en el frigorífico   Is there any milk in the cup?   ¿Hay algo de leche en la taza?
There are             -    Hay There aren’t       -    No hay Are there?          -    ¿Hay?	Se usa para contables en plural.   There aren’t  three bananas on the table  No hay tres plátanos en la mesa   Are there meatballs for lunch?   ¿Hay albóndigas para comer?

THE GREATEST TREASURE